Former NFL commissioner Paul Tagliabue died Sunday from heart failure, leaving an extensive and complex legacy as one of the most influential figures in league history. He was 84. 

Tagliabue held the NFL’s top position from 1989 to 2006, overseeing a period in which the league built and and then immutably solidified its position as by far the top entity in all of North American pro sports. Among the notable happenings during that tenure:

• The creation of expansion franchises in Carolina, Jacksonville, and Houston, and the reinstatement of the Cleveland franchise after the original Browns moved to Baltimore.
• The development of the current, four-division format in each conference.
• A nationwide stadium boom that ultimately saw more than two-thirds of the 32 teams playing in or building stadiums that didn’t exist when he started as commissioner.
• A tenfold increase in the value of many of the NFL’s franchises. 
• The formation of a dramatic new realm in the league’s labor relationship with the NFL Players Association, implementing a salary cap in football but also bringing about free agency for players. No work stoppages occurred during his 17 years in the post, something that afflicted Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, and National Hockey League during that time, and for some of these leagues on multiple occasions.
• The establishment of the “Rooney Rule,” which required teams to interview minority candidates for coaching vacancies. The rule has since been expanded to include front-office positions.
• The signing of several sets of lucrative television contracts, setting the stage for an annual rights haul that now exceeds $10 billion per year.
• Management of crises stemming from the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and Hurricane Katrina in 2005. 

Tagliabue was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2020, and was further honored before several NFL games Sunday with a moment of silence.

“All of us in the NFL are deeply saddened by the passing of Paul Tagliabue, whose principled leadership and vision put the NFL on the path to unparalleled success,” said Tagliabue’s successor, current NFL commissioner Roger Goodell. “Throughout his decades-long leadership on behalf of the NFL, first as outside counsel and then during a powerful 17-year tenure as commissioner, Paul served with integrity, passion, and unwavering conviction to do what was best for the league.”

Tagliabue’s tenure, however, was also marked by a fast-rising concussion issue among NFL players, one that he would later apologize for, saying he initially did not have sufficient information about what was happening. 

In recent years, however, the NFL has achieved sizable progress on that front, both through modified kickoff rules that have reduced injury rates dramatically and with quickly improving helmet technology. 

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